相关链接：《保险研究》2013年第8期目录及摘要
保险资金运用的回顾与展望
陈文辉
(中国保险监督管理委员会，北京 100033)
［摘 要］ 十年来，保险资金运用逐步探索出一条符合自身规律的改革和发展道路，初步建立起一套适应行业发展要求的监管体系，积累了一些行业发展的基本经验和教训。新形势下，保险资金运用面临更多的机遇和挑战，应进一步加强市场化改革，积极推进创新，加快转变监管方式，坚持服务好保险主业，开拓保险资金运用新局面。
［关键词］ 保险资金运用；回顾；展望
The Overview on Insurance Fund Utilization and Its Prospect
Chen Wen-hui
(China Insurance Regulatory Commission,Beijing 100033)
Abstract：Looking back on insurance fund usage in the last decade,the insurance industry has groped a reform and development route suitable to the characteristics of insurance fund,initially established a set of regulatory systems compatible with the current development stage,and has accumulated some experiences and lessons helpful for its further development.Under the new situation,insurance fund usage will face with more challenges and opportunities.Therefore,we should further deepen the market-oriented reform,proactively promote innovation,transform regulatory methods,better serve the development of the insurance business,and open up a new chapter for insurance fund investment.
Key words：insurance fund usage;overview;prospect
陈文辉在《保险研究》上发表的其他文章：
让科学研究更好地服务于农业保险制度建设——中国农业保险32年研究历程简述
庹国柱
(首都经济贸易大学，北京 100070)
［摘 要］ 从1980年代到2010年代，中国从大规模商业性农业保险的试验到全国政策性农业保险的制度初步建立，都有理论研究的跟进，农业保险理论研究的进展不仅解释了试验实践的失败与成功，也提供了中国农业保险发展和决策的依据。回顾这段与试验实践共同成长的农业保险研究历史，会给我们提供不少有益的启示。
［关键词］ 农业保险；研究
Having Scientific Research Better Serving the Construction of Agricultural Insurance System-A Review on the Track of Agricultural Insurance in the past 32 Years
Tuo Guo-zhu
(Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing 100070)
Abstract：China moved from a wide-scale commercial agricultural insurance experimentation to the initial form of nationwide policy-sponsored agricultural insurance from 1980 to 2010. Related theoretical research has followed this process closely. The research work has not only explained failures and successes of this experimentation, but also offered theoretical basis for the development of and decision-making on agricultural insurance in China. Looking back on this period of trial and development would offer a lot of valuable inspiration to us.
Key words：agricultural insurance;research
庹国柱在《保险研究》上发表过的其他文章：
农产品价格对农业保险投保及道德风险的影响：一个理论框架及政策建议
温 燕
（西南交通大学公共管理学院，四川 成都 610031）
［摘 要］ 本文通过构建理论模型，分析了农产品价格与农户生产行为以及保险行为的关系，重点考察了农产品价格对农业保险投保及道德风险的影响，结论认为：农产品价格对农业保险投保和道德风险具有一定影响，农产品价格越高，在保险费率高于公平费率的情况下，农户投保积极性越高；农产品价格越高，正常生产行为获得的利润越高，道德风险发生的概率越小。根据该结论并结合我国农业保险经营中的实际问题，本文认为：应当充分关注农产品价格剧烈波动对农业保险稳定经营造成的不利影响，防止其所引致的逆选择和道德风险问题扭曲传统农业保险经营。建议采取价格保险的形式合理转嫁农户面临的农产品价格波动风险，同时，应在加强风险控制的前提下，适度提高发达地区农业保险的保障程度。
［关键词］ 农产品价格；农业保险；道德风险
Impacts of Agricultural Produce Prices on Agricultural Insurance Purchasing and Moral Hazards：—A Theoretical Framework and Suggestions
Wen Yan
(School of Public Administration, Southwest Jiaotong University, Sichuan Chendu 610031)
Abstract：This paper analyzed the relationship among agricultural produce prices, production behaviours of farmers and their insurance behaviours by constructing a theoretical model.It mainly focused on the effects of agricultural produce prices to the application to agricultural insurance and moral hazards. The paper concluded that: the price of agricultural produce had certain impacts on farmers’ application to agricultural insurance and related moral risks. The higher the agricultural produce and when the insurance premium rate is higher than the equitable rate, the higher the farmer’s enthusiasm in purchasing agricultural insurance;the higher the agricultural produce, and the more profits generated from normal production activities, the lower the probability of moral hazards. Based on these findings and the existing problems in the operation of agricultural insurance, the paper suggested: full attention should be given to the phenomenon that sharp fluctuations in prices of agricultural produce leads to adverse effects on agricultural insurance operation, and take measures to avoid the problem that moral hazard distorts the operation of traditional agricultural insurance;consider to adopt price insurance to properly transfer the risk of price fluctuation in agricultural produce faced by farmers;increase the level of agricultural insurance protection in agricultural developed areas under the premise of strengthening risk control.
Key words：the prices of agricultural produce;agricultural insurance;moral hazard
温燕
在《保险研究》上发表过的其他文章：
商业健康保险与社会医疗保险系统耦合协调发展研究
吕志勇 王 霞
（山东财经大学保险学院，山东 济南 250014）
［摘 要］ 商业健康保险与社会医疗保险是构成社会医疗保障体系的两个相互补充、相互制约、相互促进的子系统，二者存在着耦合与协调发展的趋势。从系统耦合理论角度看，我国商业健康保险与社会医疗保险在其发展过程中虽然存在着耦合的要求和趋势，但由于系统耦合相悖因素的阻碍，目前我国商业健康保险与社会医疗保险仍处于二者初级协调发展的商业健康保险滞后型阶段。为此，我们应该从组织创新、制度创新、产品和服务创新等方面采取有效措施，推进商业健康保险与社会医疗保险实现更高层次上的融合和协调发展。
［关键词］ 商业健康保险；社会医疗保险；系统耦合；协调度
The Study on Subsystem Coupling and Coordination Development between Commercial Health Insurance and Social Health Insurance in China
Lü Zhi-yong,Wang Xia
(School of Insurance, Shandong University,Shandong Jinan 250014)
Abstract：Commercial health insurance and social health insurance are both subsystems that complement,restrict and promote each other. They constitute the social healthcare system, and demonstrate a trend of coupling and coordination.From the coupling theory perspective, we can see that even though during the development processes of commercial health insurance and social health insurance, there is the tendency towards and mutual demands for coupling, there still exists some barriers. As a result, the two systems are in the primary coordinated development stage and commercial health insurance is lagging behind. Therefore, we should start from organizational innovation, system innovation, and product and service innovation and adopt effective measures to further promote integration and coordinated development of commercial health insurance and social health insurance at a higher level.
Key words：commercial health insurance;social health insurance;system coupling;coordination degree
基于广义线性模型的车险分类费率厘定研究
王新军 王亚娟
（山东大学经济学院，山东 济南 250100）
［摘 要］ 在车险分类费率厘定中，广义线性模型已经成为最为常用的方法。广义线性模型着眼于对费率的精确厘定，从而使保险公司的保费收入与其承担的风险相匹配，保障了公司的稳健经营。同时，也为保险公司选择优质业务提供依据，是一项重要的风险管理措施。对广义线性模型在车险分类费率厘定中的应用进行了实证研究，在分析了费率厘定流程的基础上构建了索赔次数和索赔强度的广义线性模型，并对实证结果进行分析。针对模型系数不显著的情况，尝试性地采用了合并风险等级的方法。在实证分析中发现，按照以下原则合并风险等级可以在一定程度上解决风险等级不显著的问题：其一，尽量保证合并后每个风险类别的风险暴露数不至于相差太多；其二，保证每个风险类别的风险暴露数满足信度要求；其三，尽量寻找临近的风险等级合并。
［关键词］ 分类费率厘定；广义线性模型；机动车辆保险
The Empirical Research on Classified Ratemaking of Automobile Insurance Based on Generalized Linear Models
Wang Xin-jun,Wang Ya-juan
(School of Economics, Shandong University, Shandong Jinan 250100)
Abstract：Among the methods of the automobile insurance classified ratemaking, generalized linear model has become the most commonly used method. Generalized linear models focus on the precision of ratemaking, which generates a balanced relationship between premium income and the risks being covered. This ensures the steady operation of insurance companies. At the same time, as an important risk management measure,it provides the basis for the insurance company to select high quality businesses. This paper made a study on the application of generalized linear models in the vehicle classified ratemaking. Based on the description of the ratemaking process, the paper built up generalized linear models for analyzing the number of claims and claim intensity respectively and analyzing the empirical results. As for the problem that the coefficient of the model was not significant, we tried to merge different levels of risks to form a new risk category and to build a related model again. In the empirical analysis, we found out that to solve the problem of insignificant coefficient by merging levels of risks, we need to follow three principles: firstly, ensuring that risk exposures did not differ too much between each risk categories;secondly, ensuring in each risk category risk exposure meet the reliability requirements;thirdly, trying to merge only adjacent risk levels.
Key words：classification ratemaking;generalized linear models;automobile insurance
王新军在《保险研究》上发表过的其他文章：
成本优势能否转化为市场份额——来自中国保险业的经验证据
金博轶 闫庆悦
（山东财经大学保险学院，山东 济南 250014）
［摘 要］ 本文通过超越对数成本函数构建了保险产出的边际成本模型，然后利用古诺—纳什均衡分析了边际成本与市场份额的关系，并通过中国的非平衡面板数据对相关理论关系进行了验证。结果发现：外资公司的边际成本均高于中资公司，寿险公司的边际成本普遍高于产险公司；对于中小型保险公司，边际成本与市场份额显著负相关，而大型保险公司的边际成本与市场份额的相关关系并不显著；产业竞争程度指标显示，与寿险业相比，产险业的竞争程度更为激烈。
［关键词］ 边际成本；成本优势；市场份额
Can Cost Advantage Transformed into Market Share—From the Empirical Evidence of China’s Insurance Industry
Jin Bo-yi,Yan Qing-yue
(School of Insurance, Shandong University, Shandong Jinan 250014)
Abstract：In this paper, we used translog cost function to construct the marginal cost model of the insurance industry, and then Cournot-Nash equilibrium to analyse the relationship between marginal cost and market share. Finally, we used China’s unbalanced panel data to test the related theoretical relationship. The results showed that: (1) the marginal cost of foreign companies are higher than domestic companies, while the marginal cost of life insurance companies are higher than property and casualty insurance companies;(2) for small and medium sized insurance companies, marginal cost and market share are inversely correlated, while in large insurance companies, there is no definite relationship between the two;(3) compared with life insurance companies, competition in property and casualty insurance industry is more intense.
Key words：marginal cost;market share;cost advantage
金博轶在《保险研究》上发表过的其他文章：
保险合同不公平条款规制的路径选择与框架建构——澳大利亚立法改革的经验与启示
马 宁
（西北政法大学民商法学院，陕西 西安 710063）
［摘 要］ 保险合同中不公平条款的广泛存在严重损害了保险消费者的利益，必须对此加以有效规制。借鉴澳大利亚立法改革的经验，目前应在保险法中赋予保险消费者对合同条款公平性的司法审查请求权。但个别协商的条款与核心条款应被排除在审查范围之外。同时还可以在坚持既有免责条款说明义务履行方式的基础上，借鉴引入标准承保范围的规定。
［关键词］ 保险合同；不公平条款；个别协商；核心条款；标准承保范围
The Path Choice and Frame Construction for Regulating Unfair Terms in Insurance Contract—The Experience and Revelation of the Australian Legislation Reform
Ma Ning
(School of Civil and Commercial Law, The Northwest University of Politics and Law, Shanxi Xian 710063)
Abstract：Unfair terms widely existing in insurance contractshave seriously damage the interests of insurance consumers, so it must be effectively regulated. Referring to the experiences of the Australian legislation reform, at present the best way to deal with it is to entitle insurance consumers the right to request court to evaluate the fairness of insurance terms in insurance law. But some individually negotiated clauses and core terms should be excluded from the scope of review. At the same time, legislator can also introduces tandard coverage regulations on the basis of insisting on the current execution of exclusion term statement obligation.
Key words：insurance contract;unfair terms;individual negotiation;core terms;standard coverage
马宁
在《保险研究》上发表过的其他文章：保险法诉讼时效起算点法律漏洞的弥补——以《保险法》第26条第1款和第60条第1款为分析对象
论破产管理人职业责任风险分散机制——以破产管理人责任保险制度为中心
中国地震灾害损失评估：超概率曲线方法与经验数据
许 闲 张涵博
(复旦大学经济学院，上海 200433)
［摘 要］ 我国是地震灾害频发的国家，曾遭受重大的人员伤亡和财产损失。地震灾害损失曲线能够反映地震灾害损失分布情况，对于在事前评估中国地震灾害风险，更好地开展防灾减灾工作有非常重要的意义。本文根据超概率曲线理论，提出一种在有限经验数据的基础上，通过计算机模拟生成长时期大样本的模拟灾害事件，以此构建年度地震灾害损失超概率曲线的方法；并且运用1990年～2011年间中国大陆地区历次地震灾害事件的经验数据，分别建立单起地震灾害损失分布模型和年度成灾地震发生次数分布模型，并通过随机循环抽样模拟生成1 000年的中国地震损失事件，构建出中国年度地震灾害损失超概率曲线。
［关键词］ 地震灾害；灾损曲线；超概率曲线；灾害评估；经济损失
On Evaluating China’s Earthquake Losses:the Exceedance Probability Curve Method and the Empirical Data
Xu Xian, Zhang Han-bo
(School of Economics,Fudan University, Shanghai 200433)
Abstract：China is a country suffering from frequent earthquake disasters, which have caused serious casualties and losses. The earthquake loss curve, which can reflect the distribution of losses brought by earthquake disasters, is very useful in the ex-ante evaluation of China’s earthquake risk, and is very important in improving disaster prevention and reduction. Based on the exceedance probability theory and taking into account limited empirical data, this article developed a method that used computer simulation to generate a long period, large sample simulated earthquake loss sequence, which could be used in constructing the exceedace probability curve of annual earthquake losses. Then, this method was applied to the empirical data of all the earthquake loss events occurred during 1990 to 2011 in mainland China,and the loss distribution model of single earthquake loss event and the frequency distribution model of annual earthquake loss event occurred were built. Based on these two models, a simulated 1000 year earthquake loss sequence was generated through the random circular sampling. Using the simulated sequence, the exceedance probability curve of China’s annual earthquake losses was finally constructed.
Key words：earthquake disaster;loss curve;exceedance probability curve;disaster evaluation;economic losses
许闲在《保险研究》上发表过的其他文章：
整体化风险转移的最优决策分析
祝 伟1 陈秉正2
（1.对外经济贸易大学保险学院，北京 100029；2.清华大学经济管理学院，北京 100081）
［摘 要］ 本文针对企业风险管理中的一个重要问题——整体化风险转移的最优化问题展开分析，将之转化为一定约束下的成本最小化模型：结合Copula函数将最优化问题满足的整体化风险的约束条件转化为个别风险应满足的约束条件，以最小化风险转移成本作为最优化问题的目标函数。本文探讨了最优解的性质，并通过一个描述二维尾部风险转移的最优化问题的算例对该问题的性质做出了更具体的描述，并结合算例结果分析了个别风险服从的分布及风险间的相依关系变化对最优化的整体化风险转移的影响。
［关键词］ 整体化风险；风险转移；最优化
Optimization of Integrated Risk Transfer
Zhu Wei1, Chen Bing-zheng2
(1.School of Insurance and Economics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing 100029;2. Tsinghua University School of Economics and Management, Beijing 100081)
Abstract：The paper explored on an important issue in corporate risk management-optimization of integrated risk transfer, and tried to transfer it into a cost minimization model under some constraints. To be specific, the Copula function is employed to transform the constraints on integrated risk into constraints on individual risks and using minimized risk transfer cost as the objective function of the optimization. We derived the optimal solutions to the model and illustrated its property by a numerical example, which described the optimization of bivariate individual risk. Based on the results of the numerical example, we examined the impacts of the distributional properties of individual risks and dependent relations between individual risks on the optimum of integrated risk transfer.
Key words：integrated risk; risk transfer; optimization
祝伟在《保险研究》上发表过的其他文章：
陈秉正在《保险研究》上发表的其他文章：
建立我国核损害赔偿制度探讨——福岛核事故损害赔偿的启示
杨尊毅 王国军
(对外经济贸易大学保险学院，北京 100029)
［摘 要］ “日本3.11福岛核事故”在核事故沉寂了二十六年后以一种前所未有的方式爆发出来，轰动全球。福岛第一核电厂运营商TEPCO针对事故对无辜第三方的核损害赔偿在损害赔偿范围、标准、金额、难度等方面都创下新的世界纪录。所幸日本早在发展核电之初就建立了比较健全的核损害赔偿法律法规和相关配套措施，整个核损害赔偿体系在实际应对中能够正常运转。我国目前正在进行大规模的核电发展计划，从防范风险，造福社会公众的角度，有必要认真研究日本应对本次核事故损害赔偿的全过程。本文的目的在于借鉴本次福岛事故的经验教训，着力改变之前核损害赔偿从立法到实施细节双空白的局面，为核电的发展提供全面的风险保障。
［关键词］ 核事故；核损害赔偿；核保险；核第三者责任；风险管理
An Exploration on Establishing Nuclear Damage Compensation System in China—An Inspiration from Fukushima Damage Compensation for Nuclear Accident
Yang Zun-yi,Wang Guo-jun
(School of Insurance and Economics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing 100029)
Abstract： “Japan 3.11 Fukushima Nuclear Accident” broke out incredibly after 26 years of long absence of such a major nuclear accident. The whole world was shocked by the happening of Fukushima accident. Nuclear damage compensation for third party made by TEPCO (operator of Fukushima Daiichi) created many new world records in its compensation range, standard, amount, difficulty and so on. Thanks to Japan’s early establishment of nuclear damage compensation legislation and relative arrangements since the beginning of developing nuclear power, the whole compensation proceeded quite smoothly. China is carrying on a large-scale nuclear power development plan. For the purpose of risk control and protecting the public benefit, it’s quite necessary to research all the proceedings in this nuclear damage compensation. The purpose of the paper is trying to push and change the current situation in China where the nuclear damage legislation and the detailed arrangement are both absent, and provide comprehensive risk protection against for the development of nuclear power.
Key words：nuclear accident;nuclear damage compensation;nuclear insurance;nuclear third party liability risk management;Fukushima
杨尊毅在《保险研究》上发表的其他文章：
王国军在《保险研究》上发表的其他文章：
中国保险市场对外开放的重大议题与政策选择：2012～2020
重构中国特色灾害损失补偿体系探讨
（武汉大学经济与管理学院，湖北 武汉 430077）
皮曙初
［摘 要］ 灾害是不可抗力对相当大的一部分人口范围（公共体）构成严重剥夺的过程和现象。灾害作为公共风险，成为“公共体”共同面临的巨额损失时，就需要另一种制度的安排——社会制度的安排,这种社会制度如何安排，对“公共体”的公平良序有着至关重要的意义。因为灾害风险是准公共产品，不可能用完全的私人市场机制来分担风险损失，因此我们提出建立政府主导下的公共部门（P）-市场（M）-公众（P）为一体的宏观保险模式，是一个具有中国特色的灾害损失补偿体系。
［关键词］ 灾害；公共体；公共风险；宏观保险模式
Reconstruct the Disaster Compensation Mechanism with Chinese characteristics
Pi Shu-chu
(Economics and Management School of Wuhan University,Hubei Wuhan 430077)
Abstract：Disaster is a process of depriving the property of a significant part of the population (public body) caused by irresistible devastating forces. When the disaster, as a public risk, causes huge losses for the public body, there should be a specific social system to handle this. How the system works is crucial to keeping a good order and equity among the public body. As disaster risk is a quasi-public product, it is impossible for a private sector to relieve the losses. So we propose to establish an integrated government-led insurance model comprising of public sector (P), market (M), and public body (P), or the P-M-P model, as a disaster compensation mechanism with Chinese characteristics.
Key words：disaster;public body;public risk;macro insurance mode
农民工的实际医疗服务可及性——基于北京市农民工的专项调研
周 钦1 秦雪征2 袁 燕1
（1.西南财经大学，四川 成都 610074；2.北京大学经济学院，北京 100871）
［摘 要］ 基于2011年北京市农民工专项调研数据，从医疗服务可及性角度评估了不同医疗保险对农民工的实际保障作用。结果显示，一方面，城市的医疗保险提高了农民工的预防性医疗服务可及性，但新农合未能有效发挥作用；另一方面，城市的医疗保险和新农合都未能有效促进农民工的常规性医疗服务利用。究其原因，发现医疗费用垫付和异地报销制度是降低农民工常规性医疗服务可及性的主要原因，医疗费用不需要垫付或不需要回乡报销的医疗保险才能有效促进农民工在生病后选择医疗机构就医，同时降低自我医疗的可能性。
［关键词］ 农民工；医疗服务可及性；医疗费用垫付制度；异地报销制度
Migrant Workers’ Real Accessibility to Medical Services: Based on the Special Survey of Rural-to-urban Migrant Workers in Beijing
Zhou Qin1,Qin Xue-zheng2,Yuan Yan1
(1.Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Sichuan Chengdu 610074;2.Peking University,Beijng 100871)
Abstract：Using data from the special survey of rural-to-urban migrant workers in Beijing in 2011, we explored the insurance coverage of different health insurance plans to migrant workers from the perspective of health services accessibility. Our results showed that on the one hand, urban health insurance programs improved the preventive healthcare services for migrant workers, but New Rural Cooperative Medical Care System (NCMS) didn’t play a significant role in it. On the other hand, urban and NCMS health insurance plans both failed to promote routine health care utilization of migrant workers. As for the reasons, we found out that the requirement of personal advanced payment and delayed reimbursement back in one’s home village were the main reasons for reducing their routine health care utilization. Migrant workers’ utilization of routine health care could be improved only if immediate reimbursement is feasible, and this will also reduce the necessity of self-care.
Key words：migrant workers;health care services accessibility;the personal advanced payment system;reimbursement back in one’s home village
周钦在《保险研究》上发表的其他文章：
偏好异质性视角下基本医疗保险筹资机制研究
赵绍阳1 臧文斌2
(1.四川大学经济学院，四川 成都 610065；2.西南财经大学公共管理学院，四川 成都 610074)
［摘 要］ 当参保人不仅拥有个人风险的私人信息，其保险偏好还存在异质性时，强制保险因难以满足参保者异质的保险偏好，会导致一定的福利损失。此时最优的保险筹资机制应该是自愿与强制相结合。本文首先基于我国城镇居民基本医疗保险试点调查的微观数据，证实了私人信息与偏好异质性的存在;然后进一步讨论了补充医疗保险与差别筹资两种模式在满足异质性保险需求方面的可行性，并基于成都市城乡居民基本医疗保险中差别筹资模式的实践经验，发现现阶段在基本医疗保险中通过实施差别缴费政策可以有效实现对异质性医疗服务需求的满足。
［关键词］ 强制；自愿；医疗保险；偏好异质性
The Implication of Preference Heterogeneity for Medical Insurance Financing
Zhao Shao-yang1,Zang Wen-bin2
(1. School of economics of Sichuan University，Sichun Chengdu, 610065;2. School of Public Administration of Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Sichuan Chengdu 610074)
Abstract：When people not only have private information of their health risk, but their risk preference is heterogeneous, mandatory insurance would not be optimal for meeting with their insurance needs. In this situation, the best insurance financing mechanism should combine mandatory and voluntary means. Using micro survey data on our Urban Residents Basic Medical Insurance system, we first proved that private information and preference heterogeneity coexisted;and then we showed the feasibility for supplementary medical insurance and differentiated financing system to satisfy heterogeneous insurance needs. Moreover, based on the experiences for applying differentiated financing model in Urban and Rural Residents Basic Medical Insurance system in Chengdu, we found out that a differentiated financing system could effectively meet with heterogeneous insurance needs.
Key words：mandatory;voluntary;medical insurance;preference heterogeneity
赵绍阳在《保险研究》上发表的其他文章：
臧文斌在《保险研究》上发表的其他文章：